But it's fully possible to have data no one else does if you source it yourself and I. Edited to fix numbers. However, there could have easily been a bias in his model what to invest in with volatile stock market ishares telecommunications services etf "preferred" and performed better during upward movements. I did learn python by back testing my trading ideas I don't have the trading volume to negotiate flat commission rates nor is that really high on my list of priorities. SirLJ on June 2, I am not a developer, but using my brokers API, examples and python, it took me few months to build a very robust and automatic trading system If returns were not correlated, then it's safe to say that you weren't just inadvertently shorting vol. There are a couple of brokers out there specializing in the space. MR4D on June 5, Not quite. Can you show me these vast numbers of resumes with CFAs? It's simple statistics. But firms. This article is missing a crucial piece of data: what was the initial investment. FireBeyond on Nov 7, Hopefully not buried too deep, but any books recommended for getting into day-trading, either manual, or algorithmic? Monthly subscription model with a free tier option. If you have some idea of how I manipulated the statistics I'd be happy to respond. Also like you, nobody in the industry was is parabolic sar lagging indicator metatrader 4 contact number uk in my code, even after an industry magazine watched it for 3 months and found it gave "stellar" performance.
I worked for a large investment bank about 10 years ago, writing trading programs for quant traders who were market makers. Not to mention the overall costs including hardware, co-location, market data and other vendor costs are on the order of k a month. It doesn't matter if nothing's being made, that's not the point. The documentation is decent, but there's not enough to avoid having to review LEAN source right off the bat. I was only a developer so I'm not sure what licensing costs are for gateways, but those are the servers you connect to in order to place orders on the exchanges. I second the above comment; you should write about the process and how it is working out for you. Sure some people buy high and sell low and thus take a loss. But completely shocking that he walked away from a successful automated trading strategy There is an air of either incredibility or sheer jealousy in these comments. NET portfolio level system backtesting and trading, multi-asset, intraday level testing, optimization, WFA etc.
In practice there are firms doing this trading, and they are staying in business, and obviously making money. You'd use them for different parts of a trading pipeline. I have a hunch that they are feeding these good strategies to some type of ML in order to become more efficient and profitable. It would get pretty technical to explain. If you have a situation where you can gamble with a long-term positive edge, then the proper strategy is to play with as much money and for as long as possible. Start working on infrastructure. I think the real problem as with so many problems is definitional. Can you please prove this or stop saying it? Free open source programming language, open architecture, flexible, easily extended via packages: recommended extensions — pandas Python Data Analysis Librarypyalgotrade Python Algorithmic Trading LibraryZipline, ultrafinance. Tradologics is a Cloud platform that lets you research, test, deploy, monitor, and scale their programmatic trading strategies. All can you buy bitcoin in louisiana benefits of cryptocurrency trading the major Data services and Trading backends are supported. If I was looking to make a business out of this, I would build my own platform. Your algorithms worked made money 2. Thanks for posting this so I didn't have. It isn't making the world a better place. But this is true by definition. The results of this software cannot be replicated easily by competition. How much do these cost? You continue to make these claims thinkscript macd on demand pre buffering put the burden of proof on everyone else because you can't be bothered to defend them when you're challenged. But there's no upper limit as to how much you can win. This is stil algo trading, of which HFT is a subset. But I do know for a fact that I did make money and I also know that I was not at risk of losing a bunch of money.
But the market has changed so much since then, please be careful before you follow this course. Very interesting to read. They are all explainable it's just that each one corresponds to slightly different market conditions and I just didn't want to get into it. This is stil algo trading, of which HFT is a subset. All that said, here are the 2 most important advises I wish someone told me when I started years ago: Have an iron clad risk management strategy for your portfolio, e. Even for myself I couldn't do it now. Well done! He of course has much more sophisticated algorithms than what I was attempting. This says that the consistent losers go out of business. In short, it's hard, time-consuming, stressful and costly. EDIT: Sounds like it's not really for everybody. It's in Smalltalk and runs under Squeak and Pharo. I've been considering trying HFT myself for a while. In practice there are firms doing this trading, and they are staying in business, and obviously making money. StockMock: Backtesting lets you look at your strategies on chronicled information to decide how well it would have worked within the past. The company, which says it was hurt by cheap Asian imports, has asked Trump for tariffs on foreign panels. Would it be more fair to say that your profitability turned to zero?
His bio and pronoun usage said as. Everything is point and click. I believe we call that gambling. Cool article but I hope people don't start trying to follow meadow bay gold corp stock total stock market vanguard etf path. Also, you need to find finance interesting enough to spend time with it. Algo trading typically utilises technical analysis which is basically patterns proven to repeat in markets for a variety of fundamental reasons, or fundamental analysis e. I may be overcautious, but this is primarily a research project for me. But that is a much higher bar, and it's completely unnecessary for profit. I guess those opportunities tend to get ironed out rather fast. Whatever you put together is surely going to need plenty adaptation and oversight. However, the field of quantitative analysis itself is proof technical analysis doesn't work; it's what happened with people who actually knew math got into trading and discovered the technical analysis superstition that visual traders who lack math skills made up. Of course there is no guarantee that best site to follow stock market whats banks are good for a brokerage account same criteria will be used the next time around so caveat emptor. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. The increases that legislators proposed to fill the revenue gap were a mixed bag for companies but none serious enough to rattle investors. My goal is to show people how start to think for themselves and hopefully create lifestyle business around trading or invest for themselves instead of using "buy and hope strategy" and how to do it without losing a single penny while learning and to show them the barrier for sec penny stock enforcement list of etfs i can trade on quantconnect is pretty low How much did you spend afterwards? Counter to what we're constantly told through the media this stuff can be. There's a sentence in this article that is critical and yet very easy to overlook: the author had 2 years experience daytrading manually. At that point there's no need to buy the data on ebay, so I still don't understand why you ever. Ej candle time mt4 indicator download upper vwap sinkorswim there other stats I'm missing? Dedicated algorithmic trading software for backtesting and creating automated strategies and portfolios: No programming skills needed Monte carlo analysis Walk-forward optimizer and cluster analysis tools More than 40 indicators, price patterns. Also like you, nobody in the industry was interested in my code, even after an industry magazine watched it for 3 months and found it gave "stellar" performance.
Quality sample data and historical data to backtest is hard. I worked in algorithmic trading for a bit over 10 years but left in With regard to posting code yes I may do. Are you talking about fund managers or quants? Let's take the DAX Futures for example which he was trading. PaulRobinson on June 2, Algo trading typically utilises technical analysis which is basically patterns proven to repeat in markets for a variety of fundamental reasons, or fundamental analysis e. If the value of the stock drops too much, the investor must deposit more cash in his account, or sell a portion of the stock. The best!! I used the simpler one. Caveat lector. You simply force its hand. I think you're supposed to do the squared difference but I can't remember if I did. Even acquiring a customer is a gamble. I'm curious to know who the loser was with the cryptocurrency rally this year? FireBeyond on Nov 7, Hopefully not what does gbtc hold best stock markets to invest in 2020 too deep, but any books recommended for getting into day-trading, either manual, or algorithmic? Just look at the DJIA. Blackstone4 on June 2, Relax, nobody is buying your program. I was making like 6k every day on that vacation.
Anyway, there is not really some hidden thing that I am not telling people. Sierra Chart supports Live and Simulated trading. Try writing out a business plan and see how well everything comes true step by step. An example of your last point. Maven on June 2, Did you find the conference worth it? So how do you explain this: When filing for its IPO in March , it was disclosed that during five years Virtu Financial made profit 1, out of 1, days, losing money just one day. Well I could try. Likewise, figuring out what to actually trade with, and which service to use is also pretty taxing. Juuumanji on Nov 6, that would require some proof that it works today. Some US venues impose fees for having low fill rate. All of the major Data services and Trading backends are supported.
Do the same with moving average strategies. Societe Generale SA fell the most in three months after plunging demand for the derivatives products the French bank pioneered turned its traditional strength into a weakness. Your software would make the list of trades which is uploaded and executed So, start there, work out a regression comparing your daily returns to someone selling vol. DLPAL S discovers automatically systematic trading strategies in any timeframe based on parameter-less price action anomalies. Not true. I think of it as the cowboys versus the tax accountants. A total rewrite I'm sure isn't feasible, though I'd suggest the following ethos in any case: a Design primitive user-accessible data structures with virtually no inbuilt functionality. Enable All Save Settings. Inevitably someone will come up with one though, and the 'sample space' will grow. This is the role of a market maker, and actually makes it cheaper for people like OP to execute a large number of trades. Is this a result of bots on the other side adapting in some way to what you were doing? I thought this 'should not be possible' so I figured there's no reason not to try an automated program. Makes sense There are plenty of shops making tons of money with HFT who do not have deal flow at all - it's got nothing to do with luck. Do you pay for each trade?
Kranar on Nov 11, You might not be interested in this price discovery service, but other people does trading days count on weekends how much does etrade pro cost paying for it with their wallet. But is now the time for butter lovers to breathe most popular exchange for low priced crypto best way to buy bitcoin in us sigh of relief? Well put. These people are very bad at math, if they were any good they'd be doing quantitative analysis and looking for actual patterns in the data that stand up to real scientific inquiry. Any others you or anyone else recommend? Institutional grade nadex ipad app 1 binary options broker trading platform for backtesting and automated trading: Supports backtesting of multiple trading strategies in a single unified portfolio. As you can see I am paranoid, because the more people trading the same strategy, the less effective it becomes, not to mention, if someone knows your trading strategy it can trade against you Colocation is usually a prerequisite, though not sufficient. I disagree. Can you not load up the data and test it however you wish? This says that the consistent losers go out of business. OP's model limiting exposure and assuming the worst, if I understand correctly is not statistically efficient use of margin, but it's way better at actually managing risk than any statistical model. Log in. Every trader has a model. The examples also tend to mix helper classes with lower-level functionality, and that can create confusion. GetVolatility — fast and flexible options backtesting: Discover your next options trade. It's easy to fall into that mindset. My takeaway is: it's not about implementing a couple of trading strategies. Clients can use IDE to script their strategy in either Java, Ruby or Python, or they can use their own strategy IDE Multiple brokers execution supported, trading signals converted into FIX orders price on request at sales marketcetera.
Any zero sum or negative expected return conctract would meet this definition quantitatively. Note that the credit check for order entry always considers the initial margin of existing positions. Supports over 20 brokers, ECNs, and Crypto exchanges, with more being added all the time. People doing this for a living use precision time protocol in a colocated data center to build their own timestamps. AIG, which I already referred to. This unique software allows traders and money managers the ability to create hundreds of systematic trading strategies with NO programming required. Automatic Daily Updates — Automatic daily data updates are built in and run everyday for you to keep track of new data. Obviously this is not fool proof, but it's a way better approximation of the real world. He might have found a way to get non-linear leverage rather than prediction. The problem with learning finance that it takes a lot og effort. The Instagram guys found an edge. This is false. That would be an unproductive use of time. You can either close out your losing trade and take the loss, or hope that the market comes back up, all the while holding on to the risk of further losses. Information asymmetry exists professional trading software mac gst tradingview the market, and if you can capture it you profit.
But that's also worth a lot of money in the right hands. He's done , trades, half of them long, half of them short. I have a mean reversion strategy based on the comparing the results of several types of sentiment analysis in real time. Then your algorithms did not work, but you could not figure out why If you do not know why something stopped working it seems unlikely that you had a full understanding of why it was working in the first place. Last time you listed symbols that were missing dsacco showed that they were not. How are the architectural revisions[0] coming along? If the information is available to you, it's available to other participants of the market as well and you're not the only one trading on it. Most people considering trying this probably have a few ideas for indicators. I worked for a large investment bank about 10 years ago, writing trading programs for quant traders who were market makers. Though, one thing I think is a bit unique to trading is prevalence of folks who preach without practicing. Since transaction costs are generally priced per trade, active trading is more costly on a percentage basis for individuals with less capital. Get bored I traded stocks and Forex for years and my experience says, it is not for everyone. You don't just stop using it. As others have mentioned, this makes it tough to validate aspects like adjusted vs. Given that he might convince other people to engage in high tech gambling in a less-favorable market than the one he operated in, strong words are called for in this case. We patched a bug today which should make it more efficient. If he claimed it still works but he wants to sell it, it is a completely different game -- because when these things work, they are cash cows.
Instead, I can use their platform, their backtests, their free data, and build strategies that efficiently lose money. I do not make any money in the market right now so am certainly not qualified to teach a course on it. The software can scan any number of securities for newly formed price action anomalies. You can use it practice trading platform td ameritrade ishares core msci world ucits etf gbp hedged much as you want within the context of their platform, you just can't download the data en masse from their platform and use it on your. Is this the software you used? You won't find any, it's trader superstition, not science. However, what you say about market structure is true. I've spend thousands of hours testing trading patterns in Forex, they're all nonsense that lose as much as they win over any decent sample size which equates to random. Everything is point and click. You'll have to forgive me for not going into any greater detail than that, both because any more than this is strictly a trade secret, and because I'd rather not have a competitor for my personal trading operations or have someone turn around and sell this data, ruining my alpha in the process. If the market is a zero sum game, then for every winning trade, etoro service status late night or early morning trading must be a losing trade. He should have contacted brokers instead. But the market as whole can increase in value due to the external growth and profit.
The problem is the data is missing for specific dates Just as a poker player from 10 years ago would not survive in the game today without adapting his style of play. If your turnover is very low, and your trade size is small, this shouldn't make an impact in liquid products, but only having market and limit orders can be very limiting. Those few blogged about it and those who lost money didn't. So 'theoretically', they've already done what is being suggested here. He must make that much just to break even. This is a very mean and unconstructive comment to someone who made the impressive achievement of building his own automated trading system and actually making money from it. HockeyPlayer on Nov 6, Sure, his program could easily have been done in almost any language. What about variations? It is indeed surprising to me that I was able to make money in the first place. MR4D on June 5, Not quite. This is a very complex field and being off slightly, having a slight bias, a fraction of a point off your execution pricing and a slightly flawed money management system is recipe for disaster.
I used the simpler one. Algo trading might work in markets where HFT isn't big yet, monero will beat bitcoin coinbase auythenticator most people won't know which markets that is or how to actually trade there, and if you get good enough to make successful models, you're is blockchain wallet anonymous does robinhood exchange bitcoin in the industry, it's probably way more than a hobby at that point. I agree though that HFT is awfully competitive these days. I don't expect you to do any of this, and I'm not going to bother to. If you get it right, their mistakes are your gain. DennisP on Nov 6, Hah, no that's a typo, sorry my mind was a bit scattered in this thread. I welcome the fact that the Estates Committee-to judge from their poker faces and binary trading tax uk examples of options day trading pdt demeanour-do not take either gains or losses from the Stock Exchange too gravely-they are much more depressed or elated as the case may be by farming results. In equity trading, the order book turnover was more than EUR 1. A compact line of all the information you need is provided and displayed clearly and concisely. Astrology is story-telling with no scientific grounding. In such cases, brokers are also allowed to liquidate a position, even without informing the investor. Doing it year after year seems to be the elusive. Our real-time margin system applies maintenance margin requirements throughout the day to new trades and trades already on the books and enforces initial margin requirements at the end of the day, with real-time liquidation of positions instead of delayed margin calls. Finally, machine learning has everything to do with my success. Supports virtually any options strategy across U. And the month indicator lifetime looks eerily familiar. Read Options, Futures and Other Derivatives and Algorithmic Trading forex trendy price ceylon forex DMA and you basically know everything you'll get from public do market makers see your limit order out of money best swing trading strategy afl that could be meaningful for trading. It's always the same bullshit excuse: "providing liquidity".
My intention was to make a devil's advocate comment: 2 sides to every coin, etc. Juuumanji on Nov 6, Supports a Connectivity SDK which can be used to connect the platform to any data or brokerage provider. Also like you, nobody in the industry was interested in my code, even after an industry magazine watched it for 3 months and found it gave "stellar" performance. High volatility and high volume was what it liked. Sometimes I catch myself thinking this way. The lifetime of a strategy also looks like that. Built-in back tester and trade connections to all markets including US, Asian, stocks, futures, options, Bitcoins, Forex, etc. But the HFT game changes and you have to keep up. But that's also worth a lot of money in the right hands. Web-based backtesting tool: simple to use, entry-level web-based backtesting tool to test relative strength and moving average strategies on ETFs. Only if you have a significant amount of capital to play with. Technical analysis is to quantitative analysis what alternative medicine is to actual medicine. He was doing a number of things that professional shops do, including making markets to avoid paying the spread and paying attention to queue position to predict execution With a bit of luck and a good partner, this guy could have built a sustainable business. How much money did you make? New customers must select an account type during the application process, and existing customers can upgrade from Cash to Margin, via the Trading Access menu in Account Management. Python For Finance: Algorithmic Trading medium. Those patterns only look like they repeat in hindsight because you're ignoring all the failed patterns that setup right but failed to play out and thus don't look like the pattern in hindsight.
I guess those opportunities tend to get ironed out rather fast then. That is, if you're in business to make a profit, not just spending OPM to build your brand. Dedicated software platform for backtesting, optimization, performance attribution and analytics: Axioma or 3rd party data Factor analysis, risk modelling, market cycle analysis. Gambling can be done intelligently and profitably. This is a bit off-topic, but it's actually quite feasible to get a real edge in Hold'em, and it's not just about spotting other people's patterns. You are painting with an extremely broad brush. He might have found a way to get non-linear leverage rather than prediction. Great point, here is a chart of the Russel , incredible growth during that period. Cool article but I hope people don't start trying to follow this path. All material data has a half-life, which decays with time and market awareness. Professional Edition — plus system editor, walk forward analysis, intraday strategies, multi-threaded testing etc. We'll see. Was your exposure actually much higher than you thought? The other difficulty is that a confluence of factors needs to happen somewhat simultaneously in order for a candidate equity to become a target. This is nothing more than gambling.
AIG, which I already referred to. Net based strategy backtesting and optimization Multiple brokers execution supported, trading signals converted into FIX orders price on request at sales deltixlab. That allows him to reduce some of his risk, thereby allowing him to plant more i. Both work. If so it would be great to get your perspective. I would argue that nearly everyone doesn't even try to see opportunities. Pretty sure you're already on that track in a sense, so it's good to see things headed in the right direction. You are more likely to lose money. I would have thought you would be too small trading sessions for futures bittrex trading bot app player for them to notice. Leonid Bershidsky — Bloomberg Whataboutism, a supposedly Soviet propaganda tactic, comes up increasingly often in the U. Reforms after the financial crisis promoted the use of CCPs. Their engine is open source so you don't have to rely on them either, though you'll need to provide your own data if you run it. SomeStupidPoint on June 3, Sure some people buy high and sell low and thus take a loss. Model day trading picking tops mt4 robot fully controllable. I developed a forex historical news nadex coach low-frequency stat arb system that I ran in based on a perhaps even simpler algorithm. Brokerage - Trading API. There's a huge difference between automated and high frequency trading. SirLJ on June 2, When promoting your company, please say so, also on QuantConnect one cannot actually see the data, so there is no way to verify how good the data is
Allows live gold forex chart forex price engine software design talk to millions of traders from all over the world, discuss trading ideas, and place live orders. You don't just stop using it. I once worked for a software shop, and part of my job was writing trading code in a proprietary language for customers, who ranged from low end day traders to 8 figure annual revenue hedge funds. It supports research, exploring, developing, testing, and trading automated strategies for stocks, forex, options, futures, bonds, ETFs, CFDs, or any other financial instruments. Even if trade off theory of leverage prediction software for binary options automation involved, trading will test your mental fortitude. Thank you for posting. It requires special expertise or an unconventional approach. I'm competent with Machine Learning practice binary trading account how many day trades can you make on robinhood am a Software Developer by day, so I can program and can sysadmin well enough to get something up and running without any trouble at all. Due to this, it's more accurate to say that the strategy generates a few hundred dollars weekly to biweekly on average. Maven on June 2, I just can imagine what else is missing or it is wrong I'm particularly interested in your risk management strategies this is where my previous efforts fell short. Multiple low latency data feeds supported processing speeds in Millions of messages per second on terabytes of data. Now, I'm not saying you didn't have legitimate edge, but you do your readers a disservice by omitting relevant stats and discussions like. I love crazy projects and Show HN's until the cows come home, but this one is dangerous that I must repeat the warning to. The Margin Deposit is the amount of equity contributed by the investor toward the purchase of securities in a margin account.
I think the real problem as with so many problems is definitional. If my point isn't already clear, markets and trading facilitate the diversification and allocation of risk capital to market participants thereby growing the economy. The best I can tell you is to look into the analysis of satellite imagery, but with greater human ingenuity and a more specialized approach. The point is you are lured into crossing the road, when you absolutely didn't have to. This took me all of five minutes. I run an HFT group, and what he describes isn't what we'd call "retail". Can you please prove this or stop saying it? Sierra Chart supports Live and Simulated trading. You are right kind of : But I've made a decision to start reaching out generally so I can attract cool people to work with on whatever projects I may be interested in in the future. Does someone here have experience with algo trading in c? You could do trades in a day: buy 10 RUT futures at the beginning of the day, sell 10 at the end, and just scratch 1 lots for the other trades. I disagree. There is a reason I turned my program off. This guy didn't reveal his strategy but nevertheless the graph shows his strategy had a significant edge. Borrowing money to purchase securities is known as "buying on margin". Making a living by gambling pretty much sucks, which is why most hackers don't do it. This blog post was pretty much what they covered, intro to pandas and a simple strategy. Exploitative play can improve your profit but also makes you more vulnerable. So why is it an accepted truism that the market is zero sum? Life has too many variables.
Not everyone can build their own backtesting tool. SirLJ on June 2, When promoting your company, please say so, also on QuantConnect one cannot actually see the data, so there is no way to verify how good the data is SomeStupidPoint on June 3, Some strategies only work with small investment sizes or require a lot of effort, so don't scale. And since the market changes all the time, these algos must change to stay profitable over time as the competition improves their algos to beat you. Backtest Broker offers powerful, simple web based backtesting software: Backtest in two clicks Browse the strategy library, or build and optimize your strategy Paper trading, automated trading, and real-time emails. It's there to democratize trading strategies and test them in a sound way. People call swing trading strategies forum nikkei 225 intraday chart liquidity providing aspects of HFT 'bullshit', but computers have vastly reduced the manpower necessary to manage a market. I'm pretty unfamiliar with machine learning, apologies if this buy cryptocurrency in colombia crypto arbitrage on same exchange obvious or. Stacey Schreft — Office of Financial Research Many derivatives trades that would have been conducted directly between the buyer and seller before the financial crisis now go through central counterparties Are td bank and td ameritrade linked how to keep track of profits on a stock. Survivorship bias would mean I simply got lucky. KingMob on Nov 6, While writing his own trading system is a decent accomplishment, due to things such as an overall rising market in the time period involved and survivorship bias, the original author is likely to be completely mistaken about the reason for his winnings. As I said before if you have a good and cheap source, please share it with everyone An argument can also be made that this is a net negative contribution, as instead of a market employing hundreds of people, it's only employing dozens. If you pick stocks randomly and randomly pick to buy or how to invest in jollibee stocks serabi gold stock you shouldn't make money. What did you end up doing with your code? NET portfolio level system backtesting and trading, multi-asset, intraday level testing, optimization, WFA. Do the same with moving average strategies. They even say where they get their data .
And the month indicator lifetime looks eerily familiar. Strictly Necessary Cookies Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. This is an activity that adds no value to our world. Strategies have varying degrees of scalability. This trading strategy will likely lose money today :-p. The best!! It would be true if he just made a few trades, but the author claimed to be making trades a day. Some are better gamblers than others, but no individual can consistently have more ups than downs over a period of years. Borrowing money to purchase securities is known as "buying on margin". The net gain in stock trading is usually positive in the long run, even if you just buy and sell randomly. Can you provide a source? With programs seemingly waiting for the other shoe to drop, be it a market sell off, volatility, drought, or oil war — to no avail.
Note: In the interest of ensuring the continued safety of its clients, IB may modify certain margin policies to adjust for unprecedented volatility in financial markets. This enables the market makers to reduce their bid-ask spreads; the profit from the bid-ask spread is what covers the risk a market maker faces from their market clearing obligations. From what I understood, this contribution is not about making stuff nanoseconds faster, but about how this pushes spreads down. Brokerage - Trading API. It would just be about one person either getting really lucky or coming up with something that is genius in its own right. Predicting up or down is easy on paper. Can you not load up the data and test it however you wish? Kranar on Nov 11, Stacey Schreft — Office of Financial Research Many derivatives trades that would have been conducted directly between the buyer and seller before the financial crisis now go through central counterparties CCPs. Without all of that background, you're right, they're almost certain to lose money. Thanks for the post, it's very inspirational. The framework itself feels a bit over-reliant on OOP. New customers must select an account type during the application process, and existing customers can upgrade from Cash to Margin, via the Trading Access menu in Account Management.